Flat Foot (Fallen Arches)

Flat feet, or pes planus, is a common condition where the entire sole of the foot touches the ground while standing. While often painless and requiring no treatment, it can sometimes lead to foot, ankle, or leg pain, as well as balance issues.

Types of Flat Feet

The condition is generally categorized into two main types:

• Flexible Flat Feet: The arch is visible when the foot is lifted but disappears when standing. This is considered normal in infants and young children.

• Rigid Flat Feet: The arch is absent whether standing or sitting. This type is more likely to cause pain and may be linked to underlying bone or joint issues.

Common Causes

• Genetics: Some people simply never develop arches during childhood.

• Tendon Dysfunction: The posterior tibial tendon, which supports the arch, can weaken or tear over time due to wear and tear or injury.

• Injuries: Fractures or dislocations in the foot or ankle can cause the arch to collapse.

• Medical Conditions: Arthritis, diabetes-related nerve damage (Charcot foot), and obesity can contribute to fallen arches.

Management and Treatment

If your flat feet are not painful, treatment is usually unnecessary. However, if you experience discomfort, several nonsurgical options are available:

• Supportive Footwear & Orthotics: Over-the-counter or custom arch supports from providers like The Podiatry Group of South Texas can help redistribute pressure and improve alignment.

• Stretching Exercises: Stretching the Achilles tendon and calf muscles can reduce strain on the arch.

• Strengthening Exercises: "Short foot" exercises, toe curls (using a towel), and heel raises help build the small muscles supporting the arch.

• Pain Relief: Over-the-counter anti-inflammatories like ibuprofen or naproxen can manage occasional aches.

When to See a Doctor

You should consult a specialist at clinics like Elkhalil Foot and Ankle if you experience:

• Pain that limits your daily activities.

• Sudden development of flat feet in adulthood.

• Stiffness, numbness, or frequent ankle injuries.

• Balance problems or difficulty walking.