Corns & Calluses

Corns and calluses are thick, hardened layers of skin that develop as a protective defense against repeated friction and pressure. While often confused, they differ in size, location, and sensation:

• Corns: These are smaller, deep-rooted spots with a hard center surrounded by inflamed skin. They typically form on the tops and sides of toes and can be quite painful because they press into deeper tissue.

• Calluses: These are broader, larger areas of thickened skin that are usually painless. They often develop on the soles, heels, or balls of the feet where weight is distributed.

Common Causes

• Ill-fitting footwear: Tight shoes that squeeze the feet or loose shoes that cause repeated sliding and rubbing.

• Physical activities: Running or walking barefoot can increase friction.

• Foot structure: Conditions like bunions, hammertoes, or high arches can create "bony prominences" that rub against shoes.

• Skipping socks: Wearing shoes or sandals without socks increases direct friction on the skin.

How to Manage at Home

If you do not have underlying health conditions like diabetes, you can try these steps:

1. Soak your feet: Use warm, soapy water for 5–10 minutes to soften the thickened skin.

2. Gently file: After soaking, use a pumice stone or foot file in circular motions to remove dead layers. Do not take off too much skin at once.

3. Moisturize: Apply a daily lotion containing urea, salicylic acid, or ammonium lactate to help keep the skin soft.

4. Use padding: Protect the area with donut-shaped corn pads or moleskin to reduce further irritation.

When to See a Professional

You should consult a GP or a podiatrist if:

• The corn or callus becomes severely painful, inflamed, or starts to bleed.

• You have diabetes, poor circulation, or heart disease, as these conditions increase the risk of infection and serious complications.

• Self-care treatments do not provide relief, in which case a specialist may perform professional debridement or recommend custom orthotics.

Warning: Never attempt to cut or shave off a corn or callus yourself, as this can lead to severe injury or infection.